What does the term "stop and frisk" refer to?

The term "stop and frisk" refers to a policy that allows law enforcement officers to stop individuals in public spaces and conduct a limited search, typically a pat-down of the outer clothing, when they have reasonable suspicion that a person is involved in criminal activity or may be armed. This practice is meant to enhance public safety by allowing police to proactively address potential threats without necessitating a warrant or extensive evidence.

The key aspect of "stop and frisk" is the concept of reasonable suspicion, which is a lower standard than probable cause. Officers must be able to articulate specific facts and circumstances that led them to suspect that a person is engaging in criminal behavior. This approach is intended to enable police to respond swiftly to potential threats and is often justified in contexts where crime rates are high or where there are reports of suspicious activities.

Understanding this practice also highlights the ongoing debates regarding civil liberties, police accountability, and community relations, as misuse of this method can lead to perceptions of discrimination and erosion of trust between police and the communities they serve.